Working Principle of a Transformer：Transformers operate on electromagnetic induction to transfer electrical energy between circuits without physical contact, changing AC voltage/current levels while maintaining frequency.If you need  transformers, please feel free to contact us.

Simplified Diagram of a Transformer

Key Labels:

AC ~: Alternating Current Input

N₁: Primary winding turns

N₂: Secondary winding turns

IRON CORE: Laminated silicon steel core (confines magnetic flux)

Magnetic Flux (Φ): Path of alternating magnetic field

Load: Output device (e.g., motor, lightbulb)

How It Works (Step-by-Step)

1.AC Input Creates Changing Magnetic Field

Alternating current in the primary coil (N₁) generates a constantly changing magnetic field around the wire.

2.Core Concentrates Magnetic Flux

The iron core captures and channels this magnetic flux (Φ), creating a closed magnetic circuit linking both coils.

3.Flux Change Induces Voltage

The changing flux (dΦ/dt) passing through the secondary coil (N₂) induces a voltage via Faraday's Law:

Output voltage depends on the turn ratio:

5.Power Conservation (Ideal Case)

Ignoring losses: V1I1=V2I2

Current transforms inversely: I1/I2=N2/N1

Critical Notes

AC Only: Works ONLY with alternating current (DC creates a static field → no induction).

No Electrical Connection: Energy transfers magnetically, providing isolation between circuits.

Core Material: Laminated steel reduces eddy current losses.

Efficiency: Real transformers have losses (heat, hysteresis) → output power < input power.

Why This Matters

Enables efficient long-distance power transmission (high voltage = low current = reduced I2RI2R losses).

Adapts voltage for safe usage (e.g., 230V grid → 12V for electronics).

Provides electrical isolation in sensitive equipment (medical devices, chargers).